Feline Cholangiohepatitis?
Feline Cholangiohepatitis
Cholangiohepatitis describes a condition in which there is inflammation in the liver and the biliary tree (gallbladder and bile ducts). In the cat, this is one of the most common causes of liver problems.
What causes cholangiohepatitis?
Bacterial infections that ascend from the intestinal tract are thought to be one of the common causes of cholangiohepatitis. Bacterial infections elsewhere in the body that secondarily affect the liver and biliary tree may also play a role. Unfortunately, at this time it is not known why cats develop this problem or what measures can be taken to prevent it.
What are the signs of cholangiohepatitis?
he signs we typically see in these patients are not specific to cholangiohepatitis. Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite or jaundice are all symptoms that can be seen with this problem. Signs may be intermittent or persistent.
How is the disorder diagnosed?
Aside from the history and the physical examination, blood tests may provide the first clues as to the presence of a liver problem. Elevations in the liver values, white cell counts and/or abnormal protein levels are commonly seen. The next step may be to perform radiographs (x-rays) of the abdomen to look at the size and position of the liver. An abdominal ultrasound is also helpful in allowing visualization of the inside of the liver to assess the texture, look for an obstruction in the gallbladder or biliary tree, or look for any discrete masses. A definitive diagnosis of cholangiohepatitis requires a biopsy of the liver. This may be done either surgically, laparoscopically or percutaneously. Your veterinarian will guide you in selecting the most appropriate method in each case.In some instances, an aspirate of the liver may be performed prior to a biopsy. An aspirate is performed using a small needle to obtain cells from the liver that may give some insight as to the underlying disease process. Aspirates are not always diagnostic however so your veterinarian will guide you as to whether or not this is an appropriate diagnostic procedure for your cat.
How is cholangiohepatitis treated?
Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for this disorder. Often, these patients need to stay on antibiotic therapy for 4-6 weeks. If the biopsy indicates a chronic inflammatory problem, anti-inflammatory medications may be used as well. In most cases, prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy leads to a successful outcome.
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